Egyptian Community Medicine Association
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
1110-1865
2090-2611
37
3
2019
07
01
Determinants of family planning use among currently married women aged 15-49 years and their partners: a secondary analysis based on the Egypt Demographic and Health Surveys, 2000 and 2008
1
15
EN
10.21608/ejcm.2019.43365
Background: Determinants of family planning (FP) use were studied in multiple researches. Strong associations were recognized between FP use and some socio-demographic, sociocultural and socio-economic characteristics. Objective: to identify determinants of FP use and other factors that may influence FP use and decision making. Method: Secondary analysis of data from the Egypt Demographic Health Survey (EDHS) 2000 and 2008. Pearson's Chi-square (χ2), two sample t test and regression analyses were performed. Results: The contraceptive prevalence rate in 2000 & 2008 was 48.5% & 51.6% respectively. The significant predictors of FP use in both EDHS were; participant age, residence, husband education and desire for more children. FP use was steadily increasing with the increase of respondent‟s education from 42.9% to 56.4%. Partner‟s education significantly influenced FP use; it increased from 40.6% to 56.8%. FP decision was determined by: respondent‟s age, education, work & place of residence, and partner‟s education in both surveys. Conclusion: Respondents' age, work & education, husbands' education, and contact with healthcare workers were FP and fertility determinants. Therefore we recommend avoiding early marriage, encouraging education for girls and boys, improving the outreach services, and empowering women with more work opportunities.
Secondary analysis,determinants,modern family planning use,DHS,Egypt
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_43365.html
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_43365_59b146c188bca06c02b502828e80371e.pdf
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
1110-1865
2090-2611
37
3
2019
07
01
Obesity and Self-Esteem among School Adolescent Students, Alexandria City, Egypt
16
24
EN
10.21608/ejcm.2019.43366
Background: Obesity and low self-esteem are prevalent disorders among adolescents. Tackling this relationship may introduce effective intervention that promotes healthy adolescence. Objectives: to measure the prevalence of overweight and obesity and identify its relation with self-esteem among school adolescents. Method: A cross sectional study was carried out on 533 adolescents selected by multistage cluster sample. The students completed a structured questionnaire on dietary habits, physical activity and self-esteem. Self-esteem was assessed using Rosenberg Scale. Their anthropometric measurements (weight and height) were recorded. Results: 26.5% of adolescents are overweight and 13.3% are obese. Lack of physical activity is the only significant life style factor associated with overweight and obesity. There is a negative statistically significant correlation between self-esteem score and BMI among the adolescent students (r= -0.33 P=0.04) and significant association between overweight and obesity and low self-esteem (p=0.047). Conclusion: More than one fourth of adolescents are suffering from overweight and obesity. Obese adolescents tend to have lower self-esteem. Recommendations: Incorporating healthy behaviors and healthy life style in the curricula of adolescents to promote their mental health is mandatory. Further studies to investigate other risk factors of low self-esteem are needed.
Obesity,Self-esteem,Adolescents,Physical activity,Lifestyle
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_43366.html
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_43366_bca35d5b5425e1b95230d9b488ef70aa.pdf
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
1110-1865
2090-2611
37
3
2019
07
01
Anthropometric Parameters and Adiposity of Term Egyptian Neonates
25
33
EN
10.21608/ejcm.2019.43367
Background: The heterogeneity of the neonatal anthropometric measurements amongst different population groups can be quite striking. Objective: to formulate anthropometric percentile values for Egyptian full term newborns (≥ 37 weeks), and to compare these values with the currently international charts. Method: We obtained the birth weight, length; head circumference and skin fold thickness of 6780 full term newborns from three different hospitals in Egypt which represent different socioeconomic standard. Results: the mean birth weight, length, head circumference and skin fold thickness of full term male neonates were 3.23 kg, 50.28 cm, 34.95 cm and 4.22 mm respectively, and for full term female neonates were 3.06 kg, 49.2 cm, 34.19 cm and 3.95 mm respectively. As such, full term male newborns were heavier, taller, with larger head circumference and bigger skin fold thickness than full term female newborns and these findings differ from the values obtained from the currently used percentile charts of Lubchenco which underestimate the birth weight, height and head circumference at the 10th , 50th and 90th percentile levels. Conclusion: It is safe to say that the Lubchenco charts do not represent the current Egyptian population of neonates, which leads to misclassification of small-for-gestational age and large-for-gestational age newborns. As such, it is highly recommended to utilize new national anthropometric charts when assessment of full term Egyptian newborns is considered.
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_43367.html
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_43367_5c0d790f905e1c5ecb61fb197f797f73.pdf
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
1110-1865
2090-2611
37
3
2019
07
01
Pattern of Utilization of Maternal Health Care Services in Qalyubia Governorate
34
44
EN
10.21608/ejcm.2019.43368
Background: Antenatal care is one of the most effective maternal health interventions for preventing maternal morbidity and mortality particularly in places where the general health status of the women is poor. In Egypt, there is overall increase in utilization of Maternal Health Services (MHS) but there is considerable variation between governorates. Objective: To determine utilization pattern of the antenatal care service (ANC) services in Qalyubia Governorate and factors that shaped it. Method: Comparative cross sectional study, conducted on 400 females attending two PHC facilities in Qalyubia Governorate from 1st January to 31thAugust 2017. Results: Females’ perception of the importance of ANC was very high either urban or rural (99.5%). Urban females attending ANC health units were younger, more educated, of higher social class than the rural females. Urban females depend on printed methods as a source of health information more than the rural ones. No significant difference between urban and rural women considering the number of live children but the rural females experienced more number of pregnancies. All urban (100%) women started ANC visits as early as the 1st trimester with more frequent visits than the rural females and the majority of them (89.9%) obtain the services from private clinics. Considering barriers of utilization of ANC from the point of view of rural versus urban females, rural females considered unavailability of physician (70.8 vs. 25.3%) or presence of male physician (5.1% vs. 0.7%), lack of drugs (19.1% vs. 0.7%) or expensive treatment (6.7% vs. 0%), long waiting time (19.6% vs. 2.7%) and difficult transportation (4.5% vs. 0.7%) are the main barriers. Conclusion: The ANC utilization pattern was generally satisfactory. The utilization of PHC for ANC was limited. Much less factors could affect ANC utilization pattern among different women.
antenatal care,utilization,pattern,Qalyubia & Egypt
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_43368.html
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_43368_283b112790d57099341d97c10edccd86.pdf
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
1110-1865
2090-2611
37
3
2019
07
01
Assessment of Quality of Registration of Causes of Death at Home using Verbal Autopsy in Alexandria, Egypt
45
54
EN
10.21608/ejcm.2019.43369
Background: Accurate and comparable good-quality data on mortality and causes of death regarding completeness, accuracy and timeliness should be enhanced to support policy development and implementation. Objective: to assess the quality (completeness and correctness) of registration of cause-of-death at home in Alexandria Health offices using WHO Verbal Autopsy tool. Method: Descriptive approach was selected where a cross sectional survey was conducted. Records of home deaths, in 24 months, were obtained from all health offices. Then, verification of the data registered was done by visiting homes of those deaths and conducting re-interviews with family members using “Verbal Autopsy” approach. The collected data was submitted to the assigned team of three independent doctors trained by WHO staff to identify the immediate and underlying probable causes of death. The identified probable cause of death was compared with what was registered in the death certificate for any discrepancy. Results: On comparing health office records to VA diagnoses, only 35% of health office records causes of death were compliant with VA based diagnoses. The diseases with high sensitivity (>75%) were acute ischemic heart diseases (93%), cerebral infarction (83%), cerebral atherosclerosis (80%) and hepatic failure. Moreover, the percentage of ill-defined causes of diseases was reduced from 34.7% to 13.5%. Conclusion: The use of standard VA methods adapted to Egypt enabled a plausible assessment of cause-specific mortality patterns and a substantial reduction of ill-defined diagnoses
Verbal autopsy,home death registration,quality of registration
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_43369.html
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_43369_fddb30f64c81423a0105b2461f3235de.pdf
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
1110-1865
2090-2611
37
3
2019
07
01
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Polypharmacy among Elderly Persons.
55
61
EN
10.21608/ejcm.2019.43370
Background: Polypharmacy especially in elderly is a challenging public health problem all over the world that leads to increased hospitalization, poor quality of life and represents an economic burden especially in developing countries like Egypt. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of polypharmacy and identify associated factors among elderly persons. Method: A descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted from August to December 2017, in Benha city, Qalubiya Governorate, Egypt. Study population is 60 years elder and over. They were interviewed by the researcher using a standardized valid questionnaire. Results: A total of 300 elderly persons were enrolled. Approximately 67%aged between 60 and 70 years, 73.7%of them live with their families, and 51.7% of them had a monthly income more than 2000 LE, 80% of them was non-smokers, and 85.3% of them reported using five or more medications. Logistic regression revealed that the significant predictors of polypharmacy use were sex (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR), 0.1; 95% CI 0.04-0.28, p <0.001), residence (aOR, 3.29; 95% CI 1.18-9.14, p = 0.02), monthly income (aOR, 0.33; 95% CI 0.13-0.18, p = 0.02) and co-morbidity (aOR, 2.56; 95% CI 1.75-3.74, p <0.001). On the other hand, polypharmacy was not significantly associated with age (aOR, 0.84; 95% CI 0.34-2.07, p =0.71), smoking (a OR, 0.83; 95% CI 0.23-2.88, p =0.77), educational level (a OR, 1.19; 95% CI 0.62-2.29, p =0.59) or marital status (aOR, 0.71; 95% CI 0.47-1.07, p=0.1) Conclusion: The prevalence of polypharmacy was 85.3%. Sex, residence, monthly income and co-morbidity were significant predictors of polypharmacy.
polypharmacy,Elderly,prevalence,Egypt
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_43370.html
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_43370_95a71f6851ff1e946f7702e72dde341a.pdf
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
1110-1865
2090-2611
37
3
2019
07
01
Knowledge about HIV/AIDS and Its Determinants among Assiut University Students, Egypt
62
72
EN
10.21608/ejcm.2019.43372
Background: HIV/AIDS is highly prevalent among youth. Inadequate knowledge and major misconceptions related to HIV/AIDS among adolescents/youth including university students would increase its transmission. Objective: to assess knowledge about HIV/AIDS and its determinants among Assiut University students. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out on a representative sample of 776 students in Assiut University. A multistage stratified cluster sampling technique was used. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. HIV/AIDs knowledge was assessed and a knowledge score was calculated. Results: Only 70.5% of Assiut University students have heard about AIDS. The main sources of the students’ knowledge were media (46.3%), internet (44.6%), school (28%), university educational courses and health education sessions (27.8%), friends (23.9%) and family (22.5%). The students in the study had a low knowledge score of 35 percent. Some misconceptions about transmission were observed such as AIDS transmission by mosquito bite (30%), hugging (19%), eating with infected person (17.5%) or being a hereditary disease (16%). Only 18% know that condoms would protect from HIV infection and 28% knew that patients could look normal without symptoms. Only 45.2% of the students knew HIV testing site. By applying Logistic regression analysis, the predictors of higher knowledge score about HIV/AIDS were being a medical faculty student, higher (fourth) grade, urban residence and family/university as sources of information. Conclusion and recommendation: University students AIDS related knowledge is inadequate. Efforts should be directed
HIV/AIDS,Assiut,Knowledge,Egypt
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_43372.html
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_43372_4bf36cbd4c28448e13fc100281aad469.pdf
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
1110-1865
2090-2611
37
3
2019
07
01
Epidemiological Study of Iron Deficiency Anemia among Youth Female Athletes in Kuwait
73
82
EN
10.21608/ejcm.2019.43373
Background The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is likely to be higher in athletic populations and groups, especially in younger female athletes, than in healthy sedentary individuals. Objective: to determine the magnitude of IDA among female athletes and identify correlated different dietary habits. Method: Across sectional study was carried out. The sample included 150 female players from the female clubs in Kuwait where almost all types of sports activity are practiced at the level of national competition. Data collection tools included structured assisted questionnaire with laboratory investigations. Results: 55% of anemic group were non-Kuwaiti, with a statistically significant difference. There was a statistically significant difference between the anemic, iron deficient and normal groups regarding the marital status, occupation, dietary pattern and habits as intake of tea and soft drinks. There were highly statistical significant differences between the three studied groups regarding mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and serum ferritin. Logistic regression analysis reveals that increased number of soft drinks and tea drinks per day is significantly associated with high probability of having anemia. Women with increased consumption of soft drinks and tea per day are more than two times at higher risk of anemia (OR=2.34 and 2.17 respectively). On the other hand, Kuwaiti nationality, increased duration of practicing sport and increased frequency of eating breakfast in the last month subjects are significantly associated with lower probability of having anemia (OR=0.14, 0.74 and 0.17 respectively). Conclusion: More attention should be directed to athletic females with IDA.
Female athletes,Iron Deficiency,dietary iron,dietary pattern and habits
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_43373.html
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_43373_1a9df2ffb1c49143784b73befe196579.pdf
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
1110-1865
2090-2611
37
3
2019
07
01
Prevalence and Predictors of Burnout Syndrome among Medical Students of Cairo University
83
92
EN
10.21608/ejcm.2019.43375
Background: Medical students and trainees experience burnout, syndrome portrayed by emotional exhaustion, cynicism and low sense of professional efficacy. Burnout can demolish professionalism and contribute to medical errors. Objective: to estimate the prevalence of burnout syndrome among medical students, to explore the association between different demographic and lifestyle variables and burnout syndrome. Method: A cross-sectional study design was conducted on a convenient sample of 350 students from the first, fourth and sixth academic grades. A structured self-administrated questionnaire was used for socio-demographic and lifestyle data collection in addition to Maslach burnout inventory- student survey (MBI-SS). Results: About 38.1% of the study population experienced high emotional exhaustion subscale, whereas students suffering from high cynicism subscale and low professional efficacy subscale represented 32.4% and 31% respectively of the study population. Significant association was highlighted between high emotional exhaustion and female students getting inadequate sleep, suffering from chronic illness, and having little or no leisure time. High cynicism was significantly associated with being an Egyptian student or living with family. Low professional efficacy was significantly associated with low academic score, having little or no leisure time and lack of physical activity. Worrying about choosing a specialty and future income ranked the most significant predictors for high emotional exhaustion and cynicism scores. Conclusion: Tremendous efforts ought to be applied to investigate stressors faced by the students and to embrace Burnout preventive and Interventional measures accordingly.
Burnout syndrome,Medical students,Emotional exhaustion,cynicism
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_43375.html
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_43375_c2f67fd19e91ee64a045b698412e9ce9.pdf
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
1110-1865
2090-2611
37
3
2019
07
01
Frequency of Unintentional Home Injuries in Children under Five Years and its Relation with Environmental Risk factors, Cairo, Egypt
93
102
EN
10.21608/ejcm.2019.43376
Background: Unintentional home injuries are major cause of morbidity, mortality and disability in children under five years of age. Most of these injuries are preventable through increased awareness, improvements in the home environment safety and caregiver supervision. Objectives: To measure the frequency of unintentional home injuries in children less than five years, to determine its different types, to identify mothers' practices concerning first aid measures in case of occurrence of home injuries & to compare home environmental safety among home injured and non-injured children. Method: A comparative cross sectional study was conducted among mothers attending pediatric outpatient clinic, Ain Shams university hospital; during the period from February to November 2017; a sample size of 200 mothers were interviewed using structured questionnaire used to collect data about socio-demographic characteristics, frequency, types, place of home injuries, and mother's practice at the time of injury occurrence and the outcomes. Home environmental safety questionnaire adopted from American College of Preventive Medicine, 2014 and Child Injury Assessment Tool were used. Results: 61% of the participating mothers reported that their children experienced one or more home injuries during the previous year. There was a trend of increasing the proportion of mothers knowledge about first aid measures as the level of education increased. The study identified 5 out of 16 environmental risk factors which were significantly related to different types of home injuries. Conclusion & recommendation: Unintentional injuries in children under five years could be easily prevented through changing unsafe home environment and changing individual behaviors and norms.
Unintentional home injury,Children under 5 years,First aid
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_43376.html
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_43376_43f041311e7de34df4bad442f5679d21.pdf