Egyptian Community Medicine Association
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
1110-1865
2090-2611
36
4
2018
10
01
Do Religiosity and Socio-demographic Factors Affect Adherence of Cancer Patients to Analgesics? An Egyptian Study
1
10
EN
10.21608/ejcm.2018.22991
Background: Adherence of cancer patients to analgesics has not been adequately<br />addressed although nearly half of them in early stages and up to 80 % in later stages may<br />suffer from pain. Aim: to assess the adherence of cancer patients to analgesics as well as<br />the effect of religiosity and some selected socio-demographic factors among cancer<br />patients on coping with pain. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 92<br />cancer patients attending pain clinics of Mansoura University Hospital and Oncology<br />Center, Egypt. An interview questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. Adherence<br />and religious commitment rates were assessed using the 8-item Morisky Medication<br />Adherence Scale and 10-item Religious Commitment Inventory. Results: The overall<br />rates of analgesic adherence and religiosity among cancer patients were 67.4% and 64.1%<br />respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the most independent significant<br />predictors of adherence to analgesics were high religious commitment (OR = 29.7), age ≤<br />47 years (OR = 24.2), marriage (OR = 23.4), and cancer with metastasis (OR = 6.5).<br />Conclusions: The study indicates significant factors relating to analgesic adherence, the<br />religiosity was the dominating one and could be helpful to improve adherence among<br />cancer patients particularly in countries with strong religious believes including Egypt.<br />Additional studies to improve adherence to pain medications among those desperate group<br />of patients are needed.
Cancer patients,Pain clinics,Analgesic adherence,Religiosity,Socio demographic characteristics
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_22991.html
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_22991_39848a16da94790515023712d45a7c10.pdf
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
1110-1865
2090-2611
36
4
2018
10
01
Early Detection of Breast Cancer: Knowledge, Perception and Barriers among Females: A Cross Sectional Study at Zagazig District.
11
22
EN
10.21608/ejcm.2018.22992
Background: Early detection of breast cancer can dramatically change the prognosis.<br />Perception towards breast cancer and screening methods is a crucial determinant of early<br />detection. Objectives: To assess women’s perception towards breast cancer and screening<br />methods according to the subscales of health belief model and to identify the level of<br />knowledge about cancer breast, early detection methods and the barriers against adapting<br />screening behavior and to assess the presence of screening services in PHC. Method: a<br />cross sectional study was carried out on 270 women from 13 randomly selected primary<br />health care units at Zagazig district. Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale was used to<br />assess perception. A structured questionnaire was used to assess knowledge about breast<br />cancer. Results: More than 50% of the participants had a perception score less than the<br />mean in all health belief model subscales, except in perception of benefits and barriers.<br />Educated, working women with enough income and positive family history had more<br />perception of susceptibility, severity, self-efficacy with lower perception of barriers. Only<br />55.2% of participants had fair total knowledge score about breast cancer. 37 % and 35.2 %<br />of them conducted breast self-examination and clinical breast examination respectively.<br />The main perceived barriers were towards clinical breast examination; 66% found it<br />costly, 61% agreed that it is painful and 56% reported it as embarrassing behavior.<br />Women with fair knowledge had higher perception in all scales of health belief model<br />except perception of barriers. 53.8% of primary health units conducted health education<br />sessions about breast cancer and mammogram was present in one urban center.<br />Conclusion: More than half of the sample had low perception score and low total<br />knowledge score regarding breast cancer and screening methods. The reported barriers<br />were pain, embarrassment and expensive cost for clinical breast examination. Not all<br />primary health care units provide awareness campaign or clinical examination of breast<br />cancer.
health belief model,breast cancer,Screening,perception
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_22992.html
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_22992_57d741f8a2154b1150fa9cec1330edd1.pdf
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
1110-1865
2090-2611
36
4
2018
10
01
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in A Rural Area of Sohag Governorate
23
32
EN
10.21608/ejcm.2018.22994
Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a rising public health<br />problem affecting child quality of life. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence and<br />identify socio-demographic risk factors of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)<br />among primary school children in a rural area of Sohag governorate. Methods: A crosssectional<br />community based study design was carried out in two villages of Sohag<br />governorate using structured interview questionnaire. To identify children with probable<br />ADHD a validated questionnaire based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental<br />disorders, 4th Edition (DSM IV) was used. It includes a parent's and a teacher's copy.<br />Results: This study included 854 primary school students in two villages of Sohag<br />governorate. The prevalence of probable ADHD was 9.6%. The prevalence of ADHD was<br />significantly associated with low socioeconomic level, higher birth order, male gender,<br />smoker father, consanguineous parents, family history of ADHD, low birth weight,<br />artificially fed children and pupils living with single parent. Conclusion and<br />recommendations: ADHD is prevalent among primary school pupils in rural areas of<br />Sohag governorate. Efforts are required to control associated risk factors of ADHD and<br />reduce its prevalence.
ADHD,prevalence,risk factors,Rural Sohag
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_22994.html
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_22994_f26302adca70ac299ca48110bc3bd70e.pdf
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
1110-1865
2090-2611
36
4
2018
10
01
Patient Safety: Perception among Medical Students of Tanta Faculty of Medicine, Egypt
33
46
EN
10.21608/ejcm.2018.22995
Background: Patient safety became a global health issue to insure high quality health care<br />services and with minimal medical errors. WHO developed Patient Safety Curriculum<br />Guide for Medical Schools to be used as a requisite in medical curricula standard.<br />Objectives: to assess medical students' perception as regard patient safety issues and to<br />find out their opinions towards its inclusion in the medical curricula. Methodology: A<br />descriptive cross-sectional study was executed at Tanta faculty of medicine for 3 months<br />using self-administered questionnaire for 5th, 6th years` students and house officers.<br />Students’ self-ratings of knowledge and attitude towards patient safety were measured,<br />and their opinion about its inclusion into curriculum was described. Results: 418<br />participants were included in the study, 85.2% of them had no previous training on patient<br />safety & 57.2% of them had an average total self-rated knowledge level. 53.1% had a<br />positive attitude toward patient safety, a majority agreed that patient safety is a global<br />problem & 86.4% of them admit that teaching patient safety issues in medical curriculum<br />is a priority. Conclusion: The study revealed deficient perception of medical students<br />regarding patient safety issues, and demonstrated the urgent need of its inclusion into<br />medical curricula.
Patient Safety,perception,Attitude,Medical students,Tanta
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_22995.html
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_22995_d23d68d7ef4bd1bdc00ed9b70ccb435a.pdf
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
1110-1865
2090-2611
36
4
2018
10
01
Assessment of Food Safety in Hospital Kitchens in Tanta City Gharbia Governorate, Egypt
47
58
EN
10.21608/ejcm.2018.22996
Background: Food borne infections in health care settings have been represented as an<br />important public health problem worldwide. They are a leading cause of morbidity and<br />mortality and economic losses in both developed and developing countries. Objective: To<br />assess food safety in hospital kitchens (university and other governmental hospital<br />kitchens) in Tanta city, Gharbia Governorate, Egypt. Methods: A cross sectional study<br />was conducted in 9 hospital kitchens (3 university kitchens and 6 governmental kitchens)<br />and all food handlers in these kitchens (175) were included in the study. Two tools were<br />modified by the researcher to collect the needed data. A Modified kitchen observational<br />checklist and Food handlers' observational checklist were used. Results: All university<br />kitchens had insufficient application of food safety measures in both morning and evening<br />shifts. Regarding governmental kitchens food safety requirements; 40% were insufficient<br />and 60% were somewhat sufficient in morning shift, but in the evening shift 60% of<br />kitchens were insufficient and 40% of them were somewhat sufficient. The majority of<br />both university and governmental food handlers had insufficient practice regarding<br />application of food safety measures (94.9% and 84.2%) respectively. Conclusion:<br />Insufficient conduction of food safety measures in university and governmental hospital<br />kitchens as well as insufficient application of food safety measures by food handlers were<br />encountered putting patients are at risk of getting food borne infections
Assessment,food,safety,Kitchens,hospitals,Egypt
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_22996.html
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_22996_0cf591a0b0d19ac4f091743b4cd99a92.pdf
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
1110-1865
2090-2611
36
4
2018
10
01
Adaptation and Reliability of the Arabic Version of Alzheimer’s Disease Knowledge Scale (ADKS) among Sample of Middle aged and Elderly Egyptians Attending Outpatient Clinics in Mansoura University Hospital
59
69
EN
10.21608/ejcm.2018.22997
Background: As Egypt is expected to maintain the highest rank of old populations in the<br />region; the increased understanding of public views to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) becomes<br />a priority. Objective: To assess the reliability of Alzheimer’s disease Knowledge Scale<br />(ADKS) and the level of knowledge about the disease among a sample of middle aged and<br />elderly people in Mansoura, Egypt. Methods: A cross-sectional survey conducted in two<br />stages. The first stage was the adaptation of the Arabic Alzheimer’s disease Knowledge<br />Scale (ADKS-A) from the original English form by the translation process followed by a<br />pilot testing. The second stage was to test the reliability of the ADKS-A among a sample<br />of 442 apparently healthy middle aged and elderly in Mansoura, Egypt. Results:<br />reliability statistics for the overall scale were accepted: Cronbach’s alpha = 0.710 and the<br />interclass correlation for the test-retest statistic was statistically significant (p=0.01). The<br />corrected inter-item correlation for the test–retest scores ranged from 0.31-0.77. Item<br />analysis didn't necessitate any omissions. The overall mean score of knowledge among the<br />studied elderly was 11.7±3.02 ranging from 3-28 with 38.9% accuracy on the scale.<br />Younger age, urban residence, higher education and living with family were significant<br />predictors for better knowledge on ADKS in Linear regression model (F=12.2, R2=0.406,<br />P<0.001). Conclusions: The ADKS-A was found to be reliable and acceptable tool.<br />Further study to complete validation of this scale was needed. Also, poor general<br />knowledge about AD among Egyptian middle aged and elderly points to an urgent need<br />for educational outreach programs and campaigns to improve AD knowledge.
Knowledge,Socio-demographic characteristics, Healthy older Egyptians,Alzheimer disease
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_22997.html
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_22997_c92996e14bdd87140faf202b0f900c90.pdf
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
1110-1865
2090-2611
36
4
2018
10
01
Determinants of Computer Vision Syndrome among Bank Employees in Minia City, Egypt
70
76
EN
10.21608/ejcm.2018.22998
Background: There is growing body of evidence that use of computers can adversely affect<br />the visual health. Objective: To study the frequency and risk factors of computer vision<br />syndrome (CVS) among bank employees in Minia. Method: Community-based crosssectional<br />study of 218 bank employees who work on computer for at least one year preceding<br />the date of the study. Two hundred and eighteen (218) computer workers working in seven<br />different banks were selected randomly. Subjects were asked to fill a pre-tested structured<br />questionnaire, and other relevant information was obtained by personal interview and<br />inspection of workstation. Results: Among the 218 subjects studied, 85.2% suffer from ocular<br />complaints. Headache (24.8%), eye strain (20.2%), diminution of vision (16.9%) were the<br />most common ocular complaints and they have significant associations in subjects working<br />for more than 4 hours, keeping a distance less than 20 inch from the computer, who do not<br />take breaks and do not adjust the brightness. Conclusions: Prevalence of CVS was noted to<br />be quite high among bank employee. Headache, eye strain, diminution of vision, blurred<br />vision, double vision, itching and burning sensation were the factors independently associated<br />with CVS.
computer vision syndrome,bank employees,prevalence,Minia
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_22998.html
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_22998_c7ad6f2d35a7700864b578a8ad840ea9.pdf
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
1110-1865
2090-2611
36
4
2018
10
01
Respiratory Symptoms, Pulmonary Function and The Role of Interlukin-1Β in The Inflammatory Reaction among Workers at a Cement Factory in Cairo, Egypt
77
86
EN
10.21608/ejcm.2018.22999
Background: Cement workers are exposed to various workplace factors that may affect their<br />health. These health effects depend on the duration, level of exposure and individual<br />sensitivity. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of exposure to cement<br />dust on lung function of workers in a national cement production factory at North Cairo and<br />to identify the possible association between such findings and interlukin-1β in addition to<br />personal and work-related factors. Method: It included 96 workers from different<br />departments of cement factory (exposed group) and 100 workers group from an Egyptian<br />public institution (control group). Data collected included personal data, occupational and<br />medical history, clinical chest examination and body mass index. Pulmonary function tests<br />were performed to suspected 60 subjects from the exposed group and all subjects from the<br />control group. Interleukin-1β, liver function tests and kidney function tests were measured in<br />67 exposed workers who agree to provide a blood sample. Results showed that cement<br />workers and controls were matched for age, gender and smoking status. Chronic cough and<br />expectoration were significantly higher among the exposed group. Moreover, the percentage<br />of cement workers with reduced FEV1, FVC was significantly higher than control group. The<br />mean work duration of the exposed group was 24 years, small percentage of workers reported<br />wearing personal protective devices as none reported they were informed about possible<br />hazardous exposures before starting work. Most of the participants had normal interleukin<br />levels and normal liver and kidney function tests. However, 8.8% of cement workers have<br />elevated serum creatinine, 23.5% have elevated blood urea nitrogen, 13.2% have elevated<br />serum ALT and 19.1% have elevated serum AST. The current study showed a significant<br />higher proportion of cement workers with reduced FEV1/FVC among those working for ≥ 20<br />years duration compared to workers with those working for < 20 years duration.
Cement industry,pulmonary function,forced expiratory volume in the first second,forced vital capacity,interleukin
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_22999.html
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_22999_83f596237058935482497eb63624a7d8.pdf
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
1110-1865
2090-2611
36
4
2018
10
01
Relation between Health Care Providers´ Compliance with Central Venous Catheter Care Bundle Elements and The Length of Stay in Cardiac Care Units, National Heart Institute.
87
93
EN
10.21608/ejcm.2018.23000
Background: Catheter related blood stream infection (CRBSI) is the main complication<br />of central venous catheter (CVC) use which increases the duration of hospital stay and<br />increases the costs of applied health services. Objective: (1) Estimating incidence rate of<br />CRBSI in the National Heart Institute over six months. (2) To identify the relation<br />between the compliance of health care providers to care bundle elements of CVC<br />recommended by CDC and hospital LOS. Methods: A Prospective cohort study was<br />conducted on one hundred and eleven cardiac patients in cardiac care units, (NHI) from<br />August 2017 to January 2018. All patients subjected to central venous catheter (CVC) in<br />cardiac care units, NHI, were included except: Patients with obvious source of infection,<br />patients having infective endocarditis and patients whose catheter was put outside the<br />NHI. Results: Noncompliance of health care providers to care bundle elements of CVC of<br />Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and CRBSI occurrence are statistically<br />significant factors which increase hospital length of stay (LOS). Conclusion: This study<br />revealed that noncompliance to care bundle elements through insertion and handling of<br />CVC leads to increase length of hospital stay. Recommendation: Health care providers<br />should adhere to care bundle elements recommended by CDC during insertion and<br />handling of CVC.
Central venous catheter,Length of stay,Blood stream infection
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_23000.html
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_23000_575bdaedbbdf7c71f825717bc7ac6f0b.pdf
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
1110-1865
2090-2611
36
4
2018
10
01
Knowledge, Practice and Barriers of Foot Self-Care among Diabetic Patients at Tanta University Hospitals, Egypt
94
102
EN
10.21608/ejcm.2018.23001
Background : Diabetes related foot disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in<br />diabetic patients. Interventions to reduce the burden of diabetic foot disease are highly cost<br />effective. An estimated 15% of patients with diabetes develop foot ulcer. Good knowledge<br />and practice regarding diabetic foot care will reduce the risk of diabetic foot complications<br />and ultimately amputation. Objective: This study is conducted to assess patients’ knowledge,<br />practice and barriers of foot self-care among diabetic patients attending Tanta University<br />Hospitals. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016, included 264<br />diabetic patients attending outpatients clinics at Tanta University hospitals. Data was<br />collected through interviewing patients using a questionnaire based on recommendations of<br />the American Diabetes Association. Results: 42.0% of the participants were males and 58.0%<br />were females. Half of them had good knowledge level (51%), while (62.2%) had inadequate<br />self-foot care practice. There was a significant association between level of education with the<br />level of diabetic foot care knowledge and practice. Poor communication between patients and<br />health care providers (54.7%) and lack of adequate knowledge (50.2%) were the most<br />reported barriers. Conclusion: The overall practice score of studied patients, was inadequate<br />and they were not adequately caring for their feet in spite of their good knowledge.
Diabetic foot,Self-Care,Knowledge,Practice
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_23001.html
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_23001_7a3fb1a112817c8e0670bd2981feea92.pdf