Prevalence, Co-Occurrence and Correlates of Unhealthy Behaviors: Secondary Analysis of Survey of Young People In Egypt "SYPE", 2014
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article
2018
eng
Objectives: The present study aimed to identify the prevalence, and socio-demographiccorrelates of the isolated and simultaneous presence of health risk behaviors among youthaged 13 – 35 years in Egypt. Methods: The Survey of Young People in Egypt (SYPE),was conducted in 2014. This survey included 10,916 youth representing total Egypt.Selection of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) health risk behaviors and theirexplanatory variables of youth aged 13-35 years were used for secondary and advancedanalysis. Results: The health risk behaviors with the highest prevalence were inadequatefruits and vegetable intake (89.7%), inadequate physical activity (49%), excess salt intake(44.2%), and smoking (13.2%). Eighty percent (80%) of youth had two or moresimultaneous non-communicable diseases (NCDs) risk behaviors. By applying logisticregression analysis, age (tend to accumulate as adolescents grow older) and females werestatistically associated with co-occurrence of health risk behaviors. Lower Egypt was theleast geographic region of aggregation of risk behaviors. Conclusion andrecommendations: A high prevalence of NCDs health risk behaviors among youth wasfound in Egypt, both isolated and simultaneously which could expect a significant increasein NCDs in the near future. Multi-sectoral integrated approach to encourage people toadopt healthy behaviors on individual-and population-level is recommended.
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
1110-1865
36
v.
3
no.
2018
1
11
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_16326_f8dc653cc259bbd87ccd8d59af1d2dba.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejcm.2018.16326
Home Deliveries in Rural Assiut Governorate: The Role of The Trained Nurse Midwife
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article
2018
eng
Background: Skilled attendance at delivery is a key intervention to reduce maternal andneonatal deaths. Rural women may be less likely to be attended by skilled providers. InEgypt, Ministry of health and Population (MOHP) had undertaken tremendous efforts intraining nurses on midwifery skills. Objective: The study aimed to estimate proportion ofhome deliveries attended by the trained nurse midwives, to identify factors associated withchoosing home birth attendants and to describe midwifery practice and satisfaction of themidwives. Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted in 30 randomly selectedvillages of Assiut Governorate. Mothers who gave birth at home in year 2012 and allmidwives who work in the selected villages were interviewed. Results A total of 319women and 33 midwives were included in the study. Daya was the birth attendant in40.4% of deliveries while midwives attended 14.4%. The percentage of using skilled birthattendants was significantly higher in women who were aware about midwives and whowere previously delivered by skilled persons (p < 0.001). About 21 % of midwivesreported they have fear to deliver a woman, 54.5% prefer doctor presence with them.Conclusion Less than one fifth of women were attended by the midwives. Informationabout midwives and not having a previous delivery by a daya were the factors thatdetermine choosing of the nurse midwife as a birth attendant. Developing an awarenesscampaign to increase women knowledge about the availability and competence ofmidwives might encourage using them as birth attendants.
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
1110-1865
36
v.
3
no.
2018
13
24
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_16327_8554aefb9d1ef39c934b9facdb15621c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejcm.2018.16327
Influence of a Community-Oriented Curriculum On The Medical Students' Perception of Priority Health Problems in Their Local Community.
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article
2018
eng
Introduction: Community-oriented medical education (COME) implies using the health needsof a certain community as the base for development of educational goals as well as selection andimplementation of teaching activities. A model of COME is adopted by Al-Baha UniversityFaculty of Medicine (FMBU) in Saudi Arabia. Through this curriculum, more emphasis is paidto priority health problems (PHPs) of the local community of Al-Baha province. Objective: todetermine the influence of the COME curriculum of FMBU on the students’ awareness of PHPsin their local community. Methods: Through a mixed qualitative and quantitative approach,identification and prioritization of PHPs of the local community of Al-Baha province wasconducted from the students’ points of view. Factors that might affect students’ perception ofthese PHPs were also investigated. Results: Among a list of 11 disease categories, trafficinjuries, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes were agreed upon by the students as the mostPHPs of Al-Baha community. Results of this study are in favor with the positive impact of studyin the COME on students’ awareness of the PHPs in their local community. This assumption wasconsolidated in comparison to other factors that might be of influence like residence in this localcommunity. Conclusion: COME curriculum could improve medical students’ awareness ofPHPs in their local community. A comparative research between impact of this COMEcurriculum and another classic curriculum in a similar community is indicated.
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
1110-1865
36
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3
no.
2018
25
34
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_16328_c9e374cebaad34483c670e4891b2ab3f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejcm.2018.16328
Effect of Health Belief Model Based Nutrition Education on Dietary Habits of Secondary School Adolescent Girls in Sharkia Governorate
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article
2018
eng
Background: Adolescents need much attention as they constitute one-fifth of the totalpopulation and about 84% of this population live in developing countries. Also, they aresusceptible to poor nutritional status if they do not meet their increased nutritional needsbecause of growth spurt, psychological and sexual maturity and cognitive developmentoccurring during this period. Objectives: To assess the dietary habits of secondary schooladolescent girls before and after an intervention nutrition education program. Methods:an intervention study was conducted on 108 adolescent girls aged between 15-17 yearsfrom one of female secondary governmental schools in Zagazig district at SharkiaGovernorate, Egypt from September 2015 to February 2016. The study was performed inthree stages; the 1st stage was assessment of dietary habits by a valid pretested dietaryquestionnaire on food habits, eating behavior and nutritional knowledge that was modifiedby adding a new section on Health Belief Model constructs, the 2nd stage was applicationof Health Belief Model (HBM) based nutrition education program, and the 3rd stage wasreassessment of the same study participants with the same questionnaire to assess theeffectiveness of intervention. Results: Nutrition education has significantly improved theconsumption pattern of different foods where the percent of girls who followed theservings of healthy food groups and avoid consumption of unhealthy foods (fast, fried,canned foods), unhealthy drinks (carbonated and caffeinated drinks), and excess intake ofsalt and sugar/sweet were significantly increased after nutrition education. The percent ofgirls who followed recommended dietary, lifestyle and physical activity and food safetyand behavior in hygiene practices had statistically significantly increased afterintervention (P <0.05). After intervention there was an improvement in the mean ofnutrition knowledge score from (4.77± 2.7) to (6.2±2.1). The mean knowledge on healthyand unhealthy lifestyle habits and foods was improved from (2.36±1.01) to (3.8±0.68).The mean knowledge score on food safety was improved from (3.79±2.54) to (6.0±1.68),all with (p <0.05). The mean scores of Health Belief Model constructs were significantlyimproved. Conclusion and recommendation: Nutrition education based on HBMbrought significant improvements in not only nutritional knowledge of adolescent girlsbut also translated some of them into action. HBM-based strategies can be recommendedas effective communication channels to improve dietary habits of female students.
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
1110-1865
36
v.
3
no.
2018
35
47
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_16330_923eb21ede648af80c54a0489a002053.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejcm.2018.16330
Evaluation of Lactation Management Education Program among Nursing Mothers Attending a Primary Health Care Unit in Suez Governorate, Egypt.
text
article
2018
eng
Mothers’ poor knowledge and negative attitude towards breastfeeding influence practicesand constitute barriers to successful breast feeding. Objectives: To implement abreastfeeding education intervention in a primary health care unit, and to assess the effectof the intervention on knowledge, attitude and practice of nursing mothers. Methods: Ahealth education intervention study was carried out on nursing mothers recruited fromattendees of compulsory immunization sessions in one of health care centers of Suezgovernorate. Sample size estimated to be 250, selected by systematic random sample.Completing a structured interview questionnaire was done to assess mothers` knowledgeand attitude while practice was assessed using a breastfeeding observational checklist.Results: Study was performed on 211 mother-infant pairs. 21.8% of the mothers wereexclusively breast feeding. 82% of study participants had previous breastfeedingexperience. There was a significant improvement in mothers` knowledge about advantagesof breastfeeding. (mean score: post 13.8 ±0.9 vs pre.9.5 ±2.8 p<0.001). There wassignificant improvement of post-intervention mothers’ attitude (p<0.001). A significantimprovement in mothers` breastfeeding practice (post 5.6 ± 0.8, vs pre-mean ± SD 3.9 ±1.71 p=0.001). According to the mothers` wrong believes and barriers to exclusivebreastfeeding, the majority (>80%) of them reported pain as a major barrier, followed byfear of distorted breast shape, poor prenatal and postpartum support, and insufficient milkproduction. Conclusion: Breastfeeding intervention was efficient to achieve improvementin mothers' knowledge, attitudes, and practice among attendants of the primary health careunit in Suez governorate.
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
1110-1865
36
v.
3
no.
2018
49
60
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_16333_405f8c425ceee5eb62ace0bff92b988b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejcm.2018.16333
Prevalence of Mental Distress and Its Correlates among Assiut University Students
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article
2018
eng
Objective: To estimate the prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of mentaldistress among Assiut university students. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive studywas carried out. A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling technique was used. Data werecollected by using self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire included the sociodemographiccharacteristics of the students in addition to a group of questions derivedfrom the self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20) that was developed by the WHO to screenfor mental disturbances especially in developing countries. Results: This study included828 of Assiut University students. Mental distress was diagnosed in 17.1% of students. Bylogistic regression analysis, university or higher education of the parents and highereducational achievement in the past year were protective from mental distress. On theother hand, female gender, bad perceived health status, previous exposure to violence andfamily history of mental health problems were significantly associated with presence ofmental distress among the studied group. An intervention program is recommended toraise the awareness about the importance of mental health status among students, parentsand university administrators and to overcome factors associated with mental distress.
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
1110-1865
36
v.
3
no.
2018
61
72
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_16334_05d53c52a0d5257a2422cff399406046.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejcm.2018.16334
Assessment of Different Clinical Variables Associated with Group A Streptococcal Throat Infection among Children in Primary Care Practice
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article
2018
eng
Background: Group A streptococcus (GAS) is a major cause of morbidity and mortalityworldwide. An effective targeting strategy is needed for appropriate antibioticprescriptions for GAS sore throat. Objective: This study aimed to assess different clinicalvariables that can guide management of acute sore throat in children. Methods: Adiagnostic cross-sectional study was conducted on 225 children, aged ≥ 3 years ,with acutesore throat attending two primary care clinics in Cairo, Egypt. Demographic information,clinical data and throat swabs were collected from the patients after consent from theparents. Results: The mean age of the children was 5.8 years and almost half of themwere males, and had on average 3 attacks of sore throat per year. Out of the 225 children64 (28.4%) had positive GAS cultures and 183 (81.3%) received antibiotics. Of the 183who received antibiotics, 128 (69.9%) had cultures negative for group A Streptococcus.There was little difference between those with and without GAS for commonly assessedclinical variables such as the absence of cough. The absence of skin rash was the onlyvariable that was statistically significant (92% and 98% respectively, p<0.05) Conclusion:Clinical variables associated with acute sore throat in Egyptian children cannot accuratelydiagnose GAS throat infection.
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
1110-1865
36
v.
3
no.
2018
73
81
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_16335_48e8dfc4e4852dd9c7e7e1436ce43e9e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejcm.2018.16335
Job Satisfaction in Primary Health Care Physicians in Selected Family Medicine Centers in Cairo
text
article
2018
eng
Background: Job satisfaction is the affective orientation that an employee has towards hiswork. Greater physician satisfaction is associated with greater patient adherence andsatisfaction. Objective: this study aimed at assessing the level of job satisfaction among PHCphysicians in new Cairo district, and to assess the potential factors affecting job satisfactionamong them, also to measure the work related affective wellbeing among them. Methods: Adescriptive cross-sectional epidemiological approach was adopted using two interviewquestionnaires; Job satisfaction survey (JSS) and Job-related affective well-being scaleJAWS. Results: Job dissatisfaction was encountered in 47.6% of physicians. Pay, fringebenefits and contingent rewards were the most frequently encountered domains with whichphysicians were dissatisfied. Married physicians, years of experience 5 – 15 years had higherJSS compared to single physicians and fewer years of experience. Also JAWS score was asignificant independent variable affecting JSS score. The affective well-being score rangedfrom 45 to 74 with mean ± SD 61.6±5.5, and it was affected by age, with no significant effectof other demographic characteristics. Conclusion: It is highly recommended to improveworking conditions, payment and provision of better opportunities for promotion of PHCphysicians to subsequently improve their subjective wellbeing and their job satisfaction whichin turn will improve their performance.
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
1110-1865
36
v.
3
no.
2018
83
91
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_16336_ebe1d669bea0967c1c719d0a23b8e528.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejcm.2018.16336
The Fecal M2-PK As A Novel Biomarker for Screening of Cancer Colon
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article
2018
eng
Background: Cancer colon is one of most common cancers worldwide. Colonoscopy; aninvasive and costly investigation method is the most reliable tool for diagnosis. Earlydiagnosis of cancer colon gives a high chance of cure. Fecal M2-PK; a tumor biomarker isa new approach for cancer colon screening. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate fecalM2-PK as a biomarker for cancer colon screening. Methods: This comparative crosssectionalstudy included 3 groups: 30 healthy individuals (Group Ι), 50 diagnosed cancercolon patients (Group П) and 20 cancer colon patients who were the only operable patientfrom Group П (Group III). For all groups, history and physical examination was done.Fecal M2-PK concentrations were detected by ELISA. Results: The study revealed thatthere was a significant difference between cancer colon patients and healthy individuals(control) regarding age (p=0.046*), BMI (p=0.004*), history of smoking (p=0.025*),history of low fiber and high protein diet (p=0.001*), and levels of M2-PK (p=0.001*).There was a significant difference in the mean value of M2PK levels in relation to sex(p=0.043*) and site of cancer colon (p=0.002*) only. Cancer colon can be detected withfecal M2-PK with remarkable sensitivity &specificity (98% and 93% respectively). Theoverall accuracy of M2PK in detecting cancer colon was 96.6%. Conclusion: Fecal M2-PK is considered as a good screening biomarker for cancer colon.
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
1110-1865
36
v.
3
no.
2018
93
102
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_16337_4f47b46c9ad13f0903247a5f92134e20.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejcm.2018.16337
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Related to Pre-Marital Screening for Sickle Cell Anemia in Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia
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article
2018
eng
Background: Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA) is considered relatively common in the Kingdom ofSaudi Arabia, particularly in the Eastern and Southwestern parts of the country. Previousstudies showed significant widespread of misconceptions and poor knowledge about sicklecell disease in the Eastern region; however, data from the Southwestern areas are limited.Objective: Therefore, the present study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude and practicesrelated to pre-marital screening for SCA in Jazan region. Methods: A cross-sectional studywas carried out among 230 male Saudis who had been married in 2004 or after with positiveSCA test for either partner or both. The participants were interviewed to fill up structuredquestionnaires at five public health centers (PHCs) in Jazan region (3 urban and 2 ruralPHCs). Results: Overall, an average level of knowledge about SCD was reported among theparticipants, with 17.4% of them had poor knowledge. About half of the participants had theknowledge from their friends and neighbours. Interestingly, about 60% of the participantssupported consanguinity, with about two-thirds had consanguineous marriage. Almost all(95.2%) of the respondents were in favour of performing screening for SCA and 83.5% ofthem preferred to do it before engagement. Participants with at-risk marriages hadsignificantly higher level of knowledge compared to those with safe marriages (χ2 = 9.19, P =0.010). Similarly, consanguineous marriage increased the odds of at-risk marriages by fourtimes (OR = 3.7, 95% CI = 1.9, 7.0). Conclusion: The participants had an average level ofknowledge about SCD. However, percentages of consanguineous marriages and completingat-risk marriages were unexpectedly high. Thus, health education should play a significantrole in preventing genetic diseases and this might be integrated in the curriculum of secondaryand university levels. Screening for SCA before engagement will help significantly to avoidat-risk marriage and to reduce these diseases.
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
1110-1865
36
v.
3
no.
2018
103
113
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_16338_4949221d85e5f5c1aef378b10f1ea8f3.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejcm.2018.16338