Egyptian Community Medicine Association
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
1110-1865
2090-2611
35
2
2017
04
01
Effect of an Intervention Training Program on Hospital Acquired Infection Rates in Intensive Care Units of Governmental Hospitals in Egypt.
1
13
EN
10.21608/ejcm.2017.3565
Introduction: Hospital acquired infection (HAI) is an infection acquired in health care facility by a patient who was admitted for a reason other than that infection, this infection is not present or incubating at admission. HAIs are among the leading causes of death and they cause significant morbidity among patients who receive health care. Objective: To implement an intervention program in the form of training of health care workers in the selected hospitals on infection control standard precautions including the preventive bundles. Methods: This intervention study was carried out over 13 months in 4 MOH hospitals comprising 11 ICUs. All hospitalized ICU patients were followed up starting from the date of their ICU admission till occurrence of one or more HAI. All age groups were included in the study. Case definitions of HAIs included in the study were based on CDC/NHSN Surveillance Case Definitions. The complete medical records for Neonatal ICUs were 482 patients, for medical ICUs were 590 patients and for medical / surgical ICUs were 1088 patients. Results: The overall patient infection rate, overall patient day rate, hospital acquired pneumonia rate, urinary tract infection rate and blood stream infection rate, all declined significantly after the intervention than that before the intervention. Conclusions: Implementation of the intervention in the form of training course to the health care workers on the recommended infection control standard precautions, including the preventive bundles resulted in significant reduction in HAI rates after the intervention than before the intervention.
Infection control,Standard Precautions,surveillance,Intervention
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_3565.html
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_3565_8372f83f9ad6cfc1831ff9e36a938fc2.pdf
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
1110-1865
2090-2611
35
2
2017
04
01
Effect of Health Education Intervention on Improving Compliance to Treatment among Hypertensive Patients: Application of Health Belief Model.
15
34
EN
10.21608/ejcm.2017.3566
Background: The Health Belief Model is trusted that a patient who feels susceptible to hypertension and its complications is more likely to abide to treatment as opposed to the subject who doesn’t belief this idea. Objectives: to determine level of participants’ knowledge about hypertension. Then to assess factors affecting treatment compliance with antihypertensive treatment guided by the use of Health Belief Model variables among hypertensive patients. Finally evaluate the effectiveness of using health education applying HBM on knowledge and compliance to treatment. Methodology: an intervention study was carried out using two groups. The two groups include: “The health belief model Group”: received educational intervention sessions based on the HBM conceptual framework, “Comparison Group”: received the traditional health education on knowledge about hypertension and compliance to medication and life style regimen. The target group was hypertensive patients in the hypertension clinic at Zagazig University Hospital. All patients attending the clinic over one month were included in the study as a comprehensive sample. Results: Marked improvement in the HBM group in overall compliance (61.3% to 79.6%) in contrast to the ordinary health education group no marked improvement. The percentages of Perceived susceptibility, Perceived severity, Perceived benefits, Perceived barriers, Self-efficacy cues to action show changes between pretest and post test results with a statistical difference in HBM group. For control group comparing pretest and post test results was of no significant difference except for Perceived severity, Perceived benefits, and self-efficacy. Conclusions: the findings support the hypothesis that using health education based on HBM has better results in adherence to treatment than traditional health education.
Hypertension,compliance to treatment,health belief model,Health education program
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_3566.html
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_3566_0832830155b1593213f5801b014b764a.pdf
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
1110-1865
2090-2611
35
2
2017
04
01
Trend of Ill-Defined Causes of Death in Egypt (2000–2013) in Comparison to Selected Eastern Mediterranean Countries, and an Intervention Study to Improve The Accuracy of Death Certification in One District in Cairo, Egypt
35
48
EN
10.21608/ejcm.2017.3567
Introduction: Vital statistics is the core of a country’s health information system as it provides estimates of the prevalence and distribution of mortality due to diseases and injuries guiding the health policies. Most developing countries face the challenges of data quality analysis of trends regarding the main causes of death since reliable data are restricted to either areas with a high socioeconomic level or metropolitan cities. Objectives: The objectives of this work were to; Identify the trend of ill-defined death rates in Egypt from 2000 to 2013 and to compare the trends of ill-defined causes of death in Egypt with that of selected countries of the EMR as well as to evaluate the impact of an intervention study on the accuracy of death certification in four health units of one district in Cairo, Egypt. Material and Methods: An ecological, exploratory study of multiple age groups and temporal series from 2000 to 2013, where it is possible to evaluate the temporal evolution of rates of ill-defined causes of death (CoD), through secondary data analysis, which included the total number of ill-defined CoD that were recorded as due to symptoms, signs, event of undetermined intent and ill-defined conditions, separated by sex and age groups. In parallel, a pilot intervention study to evaluate the impact of on job training on the accuracy of death certification in one district in Cairo, Egypt has been conducted. Results: A total of 3,385,965 ill-defined causes of death out of 6,478,279 deaths were identified between 2000 and 2013, mostly associated with coded symptoms and signs (chapter XVIII and event of undetermined intent) followed by heart failures 8.5-23% and 10-17% respectively. A reduction in the overall ill-defined causes of death from 0.41 before intervention to 0.22 after on job training which was conducted using lectures and discussion seminars.
ill-defined,causes of death CoD,vital statistics,EMR (Eastern Mediterranean region)
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_3567.html
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_3567_0f345f62e954b7421d824d787c1ddfc8.pdf
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
1110-1865
2090-2611
35
2
2017
04
01
Frequency and Characteristics of Common Infectious Disease Among Children under 5 Years Old Presenting at Giza Family Health Center during 2013
49
55
EN
10.21608/ejcm.2017.3568
Background: Communicable disease epidemiology is closely linked to pathogen ecology, environmental and social determinants, economic factors, as well as the state of country development. Objectives: This study was conducted to measure the frequency, seasonal variations and the characteristics of common infectious diseases among children under 5 years old at Giza FHC during 2013. Patient and Methods: Data was collected from files of 2635 children included in the study. Data was statistically described and correlated with each other. Result: The history of infectious diseases in the present study was recorded in 86.4% of the total records of children under 5 years in the family health care center. The most prevalent types of infectious diseases in recent study were upper respiratory tract infections (29.5%) and oro-pharyngeal infections (19.7%) followed by skin infections (12.7%). Parental employment, income and particularly work status of the mother have been found to be associated with the occurrence of infectious diseases in childhood. Also, the parents with higher level of education had children with fewer infectious diseases compared with parents with less education. Conclusion: The present study had identified a high prevalence of infectious diseases among under-fives. It also pointed out various sociodemographic and environmental modifiable risk factors which can be tackled by effective education of the community. Recommendation: The study recommended further studies in Egypt in many PHC centers to determine the most prevalent infectious diseases among children under 5 years old and to achieve proper health education programs as a trial for prevention.
Common infectious diseases,family health center,under 5 infections,Giza Governorate
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_3568.html
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_3568_624c4298653ed931121026195fcbae88.pdf
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
1110-1865
2090-2611
35
2
2017
04
01
Correlates of Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Female Students at Al-Jouf University, Saudi Arabia
57
71
EN
10.21608/ejcm.2017.3569
Background: There is evidence that university students are at higher risk of psychological problems that may affect their emotional, psychosocial and physical health. Objectives: This study has been conducted to determine the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among female students at Al-Jouf University, Saudi Arabia and to identify their associated factors. Methods: The present study was descriptive cross sectional conducted among female students enrolled at Al-Jouf University. Two self-administered questionnaires have been used, the first is a structured one for identifying sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors of psychological illness among students, and the second is the Arabic version of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS21). Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 16. Results: The mean age of the studied students was 21.23 ± 1.50. The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among students was 75.3%, 84.7% and 41.8% respectively. Symptoms of moderate severity were predominant among students considered as having depression while, symptoms of extreme severity were predominant among students considered as having anxiety. Most of the students suffered from double and triple psychological illnesses. Sociodemographic, behavioral and medical factors have been significantly associated with the studied psychological illnesses such as number of sleeping hours per day, feeling loneliness, frequent drinking of coffee and presence of chronic physical and psychological illnesses. Conclusion: There is a need for intervention programs and appropriate support services targeting the university students.
depression,anxiety,Stress,university students,Saudi Arabia
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_3569.html
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_3569_8bac7f10b1100de3b310509f6ad78400.pdf
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
1110-1865
2090-2611
35
2
2017
04
01
Risk Factors of Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) among Egyptian children patients Attending Psychiatric Clinic of Postgraduate Childhood Studies Institute, Ain Shams University
73
83
EN
10.21608/ejcm.2017.3570
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by difficulties in social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication and repetitive behaviours. ASD is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Objective: to identify possible risk factors of ASD. Methods: The current study is a case-control study. We recruited 142 caregivers of the children to complete an interview questionnaire about risk factors for ASD. Seventy one (71) cases of autistic children were recruited from Postgraduate Childhood Studies Institute affiliated to Ain Shams University, and 71 normal children from outpatient pediatric clinics of the Ain Shams University hospital. Cases and controls were matched regarding age and sex. Results: Advanced paternal age at the time of conception, hypertension during pregnancy, postnatal hypoxia, positive family history of psychiatric diseases, and artificial feeding are risk factors for ASD. Also, folic acid supplementation during 1st trimester is found to be protective from autism. Recommendations: Folic acid supplementation to the mother before pregnancy and at the first trimester of pregnancy (at least 600 mcg per day) is mandatory.
Autism Spectrum Disorder,ASD,Social interaction,communication,repetitive behaviors,advanced paternal age
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_3570.html
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_3570_650d181b728da2327cedd910388e1b42.pdf
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
1110-1865
2090-2611
35
2
2017
04
01
Consanguineous Marriage among Egyptian Youth: Secondary Analysis of Survey of Young People in Egypt, 2014
85
94
EN
10.21608/ejcm.2017.3571
Background: Although the frequency of consanguineous marriage is generally declining, most Middle Eastern Arab countries including Egypt still have a custom of preferring consanguineous marriage particularly among first cousins. The objectives of the study were to explore the frequency and determinants of consanguinity among youth population in Egypt using secondary analysis of data from survey of young people in Egypt, 2014 (SYPE, 2014) were used in this study. The results of this study show that consanguineous marriage among youth (13 – 35 years) in Egypt is 27.4%. However the frequency varies by region. It is highest in rural Upper Egypt (43.6%) and lowest in urban Lower Egypt (13.2%). Also it is higher in rural (29.3%) than urban (23.9%) areas. Consanguineous marriage is associated with younger age at marriage, low educational level, increased number of brothers and sisters, higher birth order, extended family and lower wealth quintile. This means that the socio-economic determinants are still working in maintaining this high rate of consanguinity even among youth population. It was recommended that public health education programs on the negative outcome of consanguineous marriages need to be established and efforts should be made to lower the associated social factors.
consanguineous marriage,risk factors,Youth,Egypt
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_3571.html
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_3571_e61e99bce91719a4e16c813097310903.pdf
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
1110-1865
2090-2611
35
2
2017
04
01
A Study of Quality of Life of Patients on Regular Haemodialysis at Sohag University Hospital 2015
95
105
EN
10.21608/ejcm.2017.3572
Background: Haemodialysis has a considerable impact on health related quality of life. Haemodialysis alters the life style of the patients and their families and interfere with their lives. It's important to assess QoL of patients on haemodialysis and determine factors that alter the QoL. Aim of the work: The aim of this study was to assess QoL of patients on regular haemodialysis and determine some factors that affect the QoL. Patients and methods: This cross sectional hospital based study targeted a total coverage of patients in haemodialysis unit at Sohag University Hospital (198 patients) from September 2014 to December 2015 using KDQOL-SFTM instrument. Results: Total number of the studied patients was 198. The mean age was 48.8 years and the mean duration of dialysis was 4.19 years, most participants were males (64.1%), married (73.3%), illiterate (53%), unemployed (82.3%), and rural residents (77.8%), their monthly income ranged from 200-500 LE (48.5%). The most affected aspect was physical health component (PCS) which recorded the lowest scores, followed by mental component score (MCS) followed by kidney disease component summary (KDS) (95.28, 46.15, 90.04 consecutively). PCS, MCS, KDS scores were statistically significantly higher in male gender, employed, higher family income and higher level of education. Scores were insignificantly affected by marital status. Conclusion: Quality of life of patients on haemodialysis at Sohag University Hospital was impaired especially in the physical and mental component. Female gender, older age, longer duration of dialysis, low level of education, un employment and low family income leads to impaired quality of life. Much attention should be paid to improve physical and psychological aspects of the patients.
quality of life,haemodialysis
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_3572.html
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_3572_d2c81b564b99ac717748fcc91de506ee.pdf