Egyptian Community Medicine Association
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
1110-1865
2090-2611
36
3
2018
07
01
Prevalence, Co-Occurrence and Correlates of Unhealthy Behaviors: Secondary Analysis of Survey of Young People In Egypt "SYPE", 2014
1
11
EN
10.21608/ejcm.2018.16326
Objectives: The present study aimed to identify the prevalence, and socio-demographic<br />correlates of the isolated and simultaneous presence of health risk behaviors among youth<br />aged 13 – 35 years in Egypt. Methods: The Survey of Young People in Egypt (SYPE),<br />was conducted in 2014. This survey included 10,916 youth representing total Egypt.<br />Selection of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) health risk behaviors and their<br />explanatory variables of youth aged 13-35 years were used for secondary and advanced<br />analysis. Results: The health risk behaviors with the highest prevalence were inadequate<br />fruits and vegetable intake (89.7%), inadequate physical activity (49%), excess salt intake<br />(44.2%), and smoking (13.2%). Eighty percent (80%) of youth had two or more<br />simultaneous non-communicable diseases (NCDs) risk behaviors. By applying logistic<br />regression analysis, age (tend to accumulate as adolescents grow older) and females were<br />statistically associated with co-occurrence of health risk behaviors. Lower Egypt was the<br />least geographic region of aggregation of risk behaviors. Conclusion and<br />recommendations: A high prevalence of NCDs health risk behaviors among youth was<br />found in Egypt, both isolated and simultaneously which could expect a significant increase<br />in NCDs in the near future. Multi-sectoral integrated approach to encourage people to<br />adopt healthy behaviors on individual-and population-level is recommended.
risk behavior,Youth,SYPE,Egypt
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_16326.html
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_16326_f8dc653cc259bbd87ccd8d59af1d2dba.pdf
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
1110-1865
2090-2611
36
3
2018
07
01
Home Deliveries in Rural Assiut Governorate: The Role of The Trained Nurse Midwife
13
24
EN
10.21608/ejcm.2018.16327
Background: Skilled attendance at delivery is a key intervention to reduce maternal and<br />neonatal deaths. Rural women may be less likely to be attended by skilled providers. In<br />Egypt, Ministry of health and Population (MOHP) had undertaken tremendous efforts in<br />training nurses on midwifery skills. Objective: The study aimed to estimate proportion of<br />home deliveries attended by the trained nurse midwives, to identify factors associated with<br />choosing home birth attendants and to describe midwifery practice and satisfaction of the<br />midwives. Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted in 30 randomly selected<br />villages of Assiut Governorate. Mothers who gave birth at home in year 2012 and all<br />midwives who work in the selected villages were interviewed. Results A total of 319<br />women and 33 midwives were included in the study. Daya was the birth attendant in<br />40.4% of deliveries while midwives attended 14.4%. The percentage of using skilled birth<br />attendants was significantly higher in women who were aware about midwives and who<br />were previously delivered by skilled persons (p < 0.001). About 21 % of midwives<br />reported they have fear to deliver a woman, 54.5% prefer doctor presence with them.<br />Conclusion Less than one fifth of women were attended by the midwives. Information<br />about midwives and not having a previous delivery by a daya were the factors that<br />determine choosing of the nurse midwife as a birth attendant. Developing an awareness<br />campaign to increase women knowledge about the availability and competence of<br />midwives might encourage using them as birth attendants.
Home delivery,rural,Trained nurse midwife,Assiut,Egypt
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_16327.html
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_16327_8554aefb9d1ef39c934b9facdb15621c.pdf
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
1110-1865
2090-2611
36
3
2018
07
01
Influence of a Community-Oriented Curriculum On The Medical Students' Perception of Priority Health Problems in Their Local Community.
25
34
EN
10.21608/ejcm.2018.16328
Introduction: Community-oriented medical education (COME) implies using the health needs<br />of a certain community as the base for development of educational goals as well as selection and<br />implementation of teaching activities. A model of COME is adopted by Al-Baha University<br />Faculty of Medicine (FMBU) in Saudi Arabia. Through this curriculum, more emphasis is paid<br />to priority health problems (PHPs) of the local community of Al-Baha province. Objective: to<br />determine the influence of the COME curriculum of FMBU on the students’ awareness of PHPs<br />in their local community. Methods: Through a mixed qualitative and quantitative approach,<br />identification and prioritization of PHPs of the local community of Al-Baha province was<br />conducted from the students’ points of view. Factors that might affect students’ perception of<br />these PHPs were also investigated. Results: Among a list of 11 disease categories, traffic<br />injuries, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes were agreed upon by the students as the most<br />PHPs of Al-Baha community. Results of this study are in favor with the positive impact of study<br />in the COME on students’ awareness of the PHPs in their local community. This assumption was<br />consolidated in comparison to other factors that might be of influence like residence in this local<br />community. Conclusion: COME curriculum could improve medical students’ awareness of<br />PHPs in their local community. A comparative research between impact of this COME<br />curriculum and another classic curriculum in a similar community is indicated.
Community-Oriented Medical Education,Priority Health Problems
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_16328.html
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_16328_c9e374cebaad34483c670e4891b2ab3f.pdf
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
1110-1865
2090-2611
36
3
2018
07
01
Effect of Health Belief Model Based Nutrition Education on Dietary Habits of Secondary School Adolescent Girls in Sharkia Governorate
35
47
EN
10.21608/ejcm.2018.16330
Background: Adolescents need much attention as they constitute one-fifth of the total<br />population and about 84% of this population live in developing countries. Also, they are<br />susceptible to poor nutritional status if they do not meet their increased nutritional needs<br />because of growth spurt, psychological and sexual maturity and cognitive development<br />occurring during this period. Objectives: To assess the dietary habits of secondary school<br />adolescent girls before and after an intervention nutrition education program. Methods:<br />an intervention study was conducted on 108 adolescent girls aged between 15-17 years<br />from one of female secondary governmental schools in Zagazig district at Sharkia<br />Governorate, Egypt from September 2015 to February 2016. The study was performed in<br />three stages; the 1st stage was assessment of dietary habits by a valid pretested dietary<br />questionnaire on food habits, eating behavior and nutritional knowledge that was modified<br />by adding a new section on Health Belief Model constructs, the 2nd stage was application<br />of Health Belief Model (HBM) based nutrition education program, and the 3rd stage was<br />reassessment of the same study participants with the same questionnaire to assess the<br />effectiveness of intervention. Results: Nutrition education has significantly improved the<br />consumption pattern of different foods where the percent of girls who followed the<br />servings of healthy food groups and avoid consumption of unhealthy foods (fast, fried,<br />canned foods), unhealthy drinks (carbonated and caffeinated drinks), and excess intake of<br />salt and sugar/sweet were significantly increased after nutrition education. The percent of<br />girls who followed recommended dietary, lifestyle and physical activity and food safety<br />and behavior in hygiene practices had statistically significantly increased after<br />intervention (P <0.05). After intervention there was an improvement in the mean of<br />nutrition knowledge score from (4.77± 2.7) to (6.2±2.1). The mean knowledge on healthy<br />and unhealthy lifestyle habits and foods was improved from (2.36±1.01) to (3.8±0.68).<br />The mean knowledge score on food safety was improved from (3.79±2.54) to (6.0±1.68),<br />all with (p <0.05). The mean scores of Health Belief Model constructs were significantly<br />improved. Conclusion and recommendation: Nutrition education based on HBM<br />brought significant improvements in not only nutritional knowledge of adolescent girls<br />but also translated some of them into action. HBM-based strategies can be recommended<br />as effective communication channels to improve dietary habits of female students.
Adolescent girls,nutrition behaviors,HBM
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_16330.html
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_16330_923eb21ede648af80c54a0489a002053.pdf
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
1110-1865
2090-2611
36
3
2018
07
01
Evaluation of Lactation Management Education Program among Nursing Mothers Attending a Primary Health Care Unit in Suez Governorate, Egypt.
49
60
EN
10.21608/ejcm.2018.16333
Mothers’ poor knowledge and negative attitude towards breastfeeding influence practices<br />and constitute barriers to successful breast feeding. Objectives: To implement a<br />breastfeeding education intervention in a primary health care unit, and to assess the effect<br />of the intervention on knowledge, attitude and practice of nursing mothers. Methods: A<br />health education intervention study was carried out on nursing mothers recruited from<br />attendees of compulsory immunization sessions in one of health care centers of Suez<br />governorate. Sample size estimated to be 250, selected by systematic random sample.<br />Completing a structured interview questionnaire was done to assess mothers` knowledge<br />and attitude while practice was assessed using a breastfeeding observational checklist.<br />Results: Study was performed on 211 mother-infant pairs. 21.8% of the mothers were<br />exclusively breast feeding. 82% of study participants had previous breastfeeding<br />experience. There was a significant improvement in mothers` knowledge about advantages<br />of breastfeeding. (mean score: post 13.8 ±0.9 vs pre.9.5 ±2.8 p<0.001). There was<br />significant improvement of post-intervention mothers’ attitude (p<0.001). A significant<br />improvement in mothers` breastfeeding practice (post 5.6 ± 0.8, vs pre-mean ± SD 3.9 ±<br />1.71 p=0.001). According to the mothers` wrong believes and barriers to exclusive<br />breastfeeding, the majority (>80%) of them reported pain as a major barrier, followed by<br />fear of distorted breast shape, poor prenatal and postpartum support, and insufficient milk<br />production. Conclusion: Breastfeeding intervention was efficient to achieve improvement<br />in mothers' knowledge, attitudes, and practice among attendants of the primary health care<br />unit in Suez governorate.
breastfeeding,Knowledge,Attitudes,Practices,nursing Mothers,lactation management
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_16333.html
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_16333_405f8c425ceee5eb62ace0bff92b988b.pdf
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
1110-1865
2090-2611
36
3
2018
07
01
Prevalence of Mental Distress and Its Correlates among Assiut University Students
61
72
EN
10.21608/ejcm.2018.16334
Objective: To estimate the prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of mental<br />distress among Assiut university students. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study<br />was carried out. A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling technique was used. Data were<br />collected by using self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire included the sociodemographic<br />characteristics of the students in addition to a group of questions derived<br />from the self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20) that was developed by the WHO to screen<br />for mental disturbances especially in developing countries. Results: This study included<br />828 of Assiut University students. Mental distress was diagnosed in 17.1% of students. By<br />logistic regression analysis, university or higher education of the parents and higher<br />educational achievement in the past year were protective from mental distress. On the<br />other hand, female gender, bad perceived health status, previous exposure to violence and<br />family history of mental health problems were significantly associated with presence of<br />mental distress among the studied group. An intervention program is recommended to<br />raise the awareness about the importance of mental health status among students, parents<br />and university administrators and to overcome factors associated with mental distress.
Mental distress,Assiut University students,prevalence,Correlates
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_16334.html
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_16334_05d53c52a0d5257a2422cff399406046.pdf
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
1110-1865
2090-2611
36
3
2018
07
01
Assessment of Different Clinical Variables Associated with Group A Streptococcal Throat Infection among Children in Primary Care Practice
73
81
EN
10.21608/ejcm.2018.16335
Background: Group A streptococcus (GAS) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality<br />worldwide. An effective targeting strategy is needed for appropriate antibiotic<br />prescriptions for GAS sore throat. Objective: This study aimed to assess different clinical<br />variables that can guide management of acute sore throat in children. Methods: A<br />diagnostic cross-sectional study was conducted on 225 children, aged ≥ 3 years ,with acute<br />sore throat attending two primary care clinics in Cairo, Egypt. Demographic information,<br />clinical data and throat swabs were collected from the patients after consent from the<br />parents. Results: The mean age of the children was 5.8 years and almost half of them<br />were males, and had on average 3 attacks of sore throat per year. Out of the 225 children<br />64 (28.4%) had positive GAS cultures and 183 (81.3%) received antibiotics. Of the 183<br />who received antibiotics, 128 (69.9%) had cultures negative for group A Streptococcus.<br />There was little difference between those with and without GAS for commonly assessed<br />clinical variables such as the absence of cough. The absence of skin rash was the only<br />variable that was statistically significant (92% and 98% respectively, p<0.05) Conclusion:<br />Clinical variables associated with acute sore throat in Egyptian children cannot accurately<br />diagnose GAS throat infection.
Primary Care – Acute sore throat – Group A streptococcus- children
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_16335.html
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_16335_48e8dfc4e4852dd9c7e7e1436ce43e9e.pdf
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
1110-1865
2090-2611
36
3
2018
07
01
Job Satisfaction in Primary Health Care Physicians in Selected Family Medicine Centers in Cairo
83
91
EN
10.21608/ejcm.2018.16336
Background: Job satisfaction is the affective orientation that an employee has towards his<br />work. Greater physician satisfaction is associated with greater patient adherence and<br />satisfaction. Objective: this study aimed at assessing the level of job satisfaction among PHC<br />physicians in new Cairo district, and to assess the potential factors affecting job satisfaction<br />among them, also to measure the work related affective wellbeing among them. Methods: A<br />descriptive cross-sectional epidemiological approach was adopted using two interview<br />questionnaires; Job satisfaction survey (JSS) and Job-related affective well-being scale<br />JAWS. Results: Job dissatisfaction was encountered in 47.6% of physicians. Pay, fringe<br />benefits and contingent rewards were the most frequently encountered domains with which<br />physicians were dissatisfied. Married physicians, years of experience 5 – 15 years had higher<br />JSS compared to single physicians and fewer years of experience. Also JAWS score was a<br />significant independent variable affecting JSS score. The affective well-being score ranged<br />from 45 to 74 with mean ± SD 61.6±5.5, and it was affected by age, with no significant effect<br />of other demographic characteristics. Conclusion: It is highly recommended to improve<br />working conditions, payment and provision of better opportunities for promotion of PHC<br />physicians to subsequently improve their subjective wellbeing and their job satisfaction which<br />in turn will improve their performance.
Job Satisfaction,affective wellbeing
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_16336.html
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_16336_ebe1d669bea0967c1c719d0a23b8e528.pdf
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
1110-1865
2090-2611
36
3
2018
07
01
The Fecal M2-PK As A Novel Biomarker for Screening of Cancer Colon
93
102
EN
10.21608/ejcm.2018.16337
Background: Cancer colon is one of most common cancers worldwide. Colonoscopy; an<br />invasive and costly investigation method is the most reliable tool for diagnosis. Early<br />diagnosis of cancer colon gives a high chance of cure. Fecal M2-PK; a tumor biomarker is<br />a new approach for cancer colon screening. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate fecal<br />M2-PK as a biomarker for cancer colon screening. Methods: This comparative crosssectional<br />study included 3 groups: 30 healthy individuals (Group Ι), 50 diagnosed cancer<br />colon patients (Group П) and 20 cancer colon patients who were the only operable patient<br />from Group П (Group III). For all groups, history and physical examination was done.<br />Fecal M2-PK concentrations were detected by ELISA. Results: The study revealed that<br />there was a significant difference between cancer colon patients and healthy individuals<br />(control) regarding age (p=0.046*), BMI (p=0.004*), history of smoking (p=0.025*),<br />history of low fiber and high protein diet (p=0.001*), and levels of M2-PK (p=0.001*).<br />There was a significant difference in the mean value of M2PK levels in relation to sex<br />(p=0.043*) and site of cancer colon (p=0.002*) only. Cancer colon can be detected with<br />fecal M2-PK with remarkable sensitivity &specificity (98% and 93% respectively). The<br />overall accuracy of M2PK in detecting cancer colon was 96.6%. Conclusion: Fecal M2-<br />PK is considered as a good screening biomarker for cancer colon.
Cancer Colon,M2-PK,biomarker
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_16337.html
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_16337_4f47b46c9ad13f0903247a5f92134e20.pdf
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
1110-1865
2090-2611
36
3
2018
07
01
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Related to Pre-Marital Screening for Sickle Cell Anemia in Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia
103
113
EN
10.21608/ejcm.2018.16338
Background: Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA) is considered relatively common in the Kingdom of<br />Saudi Arabia, particularly in the Eastern and Southwestern parts of the country. Previous<br />studies showed significant widespread of misconceptions and poor knowledge about sickle<br />cell disease in the Eastern region; however, data from the Southwestern areas are limited.<br />Objective: Therefore, the present study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices<br />related to pre-marital screening for SCA in Jazan region. Methods: A cross-sectional study<br />was carried out among 230 male Saudis who had been married in 2004 or after with positive<br />SCA test for either partner or both. The participants were interviewed to fill up structured<br />questionnaires at five public health centers (PHCs) in Jazan region (3 urban and 2 rural<br />PHCs). Results: Overall, an average level of knowledge about SCD was reported among the<br />participants, with 17.4% of them had poor knowledge. About half of the participants had the<br />knowledge from their friends and neighbours. Interestingly, about 60% of the participants<br />supported consanguinity, with about two-thirds had consanguineous marriage. Almost all<br />(95.2%) of the respondents were in favour of performing screening for SCA and 83.5% of<br />them preferred to do it before engagement. Participants with at-risk marriages had<br />significantly higher level of knowledge compared to those with safe marriages (χ2 = 9.19, P =<br />0.010). Similarly, consanguineous marriage increased the odds of at-risk marriages by four<br />times (OR = 3.7, 95% CI = 1.9, 7.0). Conclusion: The participants had an average level of<br />knowledge about SCD. However, percentages of consanguineous marriages and completing<br />at-risk marriages were unexpectedly high. Thus, health education should play a significant<br />role in preventing genetic diseases and this might be integrated in the curriculum of secondary<br />and university levels. Screening for SCA before engagement will help significantly to avoid<br />at-risk marriage and to reduce these diseases.
Sickle cell anemia,pre-marital screening,Knowledge,Attitude,Jazan,Saudi Arabia
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_16338.html
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_16338_4949221d85e5f5c1aef378b10f1ea8f3.pdf