Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Prevalence and risk factors in Egyptian primary School Children
text
article
2017
eng
OBJECTIVES: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurobehavioral disorders of childhood, which interferes with the social and educational development. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ADHD among primary school children in Al-Qalyubia Governorate, Egypt, to identify underlying factors related to ADHD and to recommend a prevention and control program for this disorder. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 921 students, aged 6-12 years, from four primary schools in Al-Qalyubia Governorate. ADHD was assessed using screening scales for teachers and parents. Underlying risk factors were investigated using a structured questionnaire filled by parents. RESULTS: The prevalence of ADHD among primary school children was 21.8% and 16.2% based on the teacher and parent scales respectively. The increased risk of ADHD was associated with child exposure to punishment, irritable parents’ relation, poor parent-child relationship, watching TV, cyanosis and head trauma. ADHD was more likely in children with parental consanguinity and whose mothers were exposed to passive smoking during pregnancy. ADHD was less likely in urban children from high socioeconomic level. CONCLUSIONS: ADHD presents a troublesome problem among primary school children. Collaborative efforts are required to control risk factors associated with ADHD and to decrease its prevalence.
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
1110-1865
35
v.
1
no.
2017
1
16
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_2807_7f91026cbbf78a0b58096b030b14921b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejcm.2017.2807
Female genital cutting: prevalence, knowledge, and attitudes of Sohag University level students, Upper Egypt.
text
article
2017
eng
Background: Egypt showed high prevalence of female genital cutting (FGC). FGC had many harmful physical, psychological and sexual effects. Many efforts had been established to raise awareness about FGC and to decrease its incidence. Education may play a role to change the attitude towards FGC. Objective: This study is conducted in Sohag University to estimate the prevalence of FGC and to measure student's (including males) knowledge and attitudes toward FGC and to identify the reasons behind supporting or rejecting FGC practice.Participants and methods: This is a cross-sectional study that included 1075 students from five faculties (Agriculture, Arts, Commence, Nursing and Education) and technical health institute selected by using simple random sample. A questionnaire was used to collect the relevant data. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA program. Results: The prevalence of FGC was 86.87%. Possible complications of FGC were known by 51-69% of the students. Thirty-six percent (36%) of students supported the FGC practice while 64% reject it. Males are significantly supporting FGC practice more than females (42% vs. 29%, p<0.0001). The reasons to support the practice were religious tradition (18.60%), cleanliness (11.63%), cultural and social tradition (21.19%), chastity (28.68%) and evidence of femininity (19.90%). The reasons to reject practice were no religious support (29.07%), painful procedure (23.15%), unhealthy procedure (24.56%) and bad social habit (22.38). Conclusion: One-third of university students were still supporting FGC practice especially males. Effort towards health education, better to include topic about FGC in the curriculum, will help in discontinuation of FGC in the future.
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
1110-1865
35
v.
1
no.
2017
17
25
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_2808_6df23204b33666a65a52d3fe21a86f26.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejcm.2017.2808
Probable subjective health hazards of mobile phone
text
article
2017
eng
Introduction: Although mobile phones are extensively used, few of its possible health hazards were studied. Many investigators studied the possible carcinogenic effects, however few gave attention to possible systemic health hazards of mobile phone. Objectives: This work was conducted to study the possible systemic effects of mobile phones. Subjects and Methods: This study was conducted during the period from 1st of October to end of December 2015. A cross sectional survey was conducted to study possible health hazards of mobile phone. The study involved 692 students and employees at King Khalid University, Abha, KSA. An internet self administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Results: Tinnitus was heard after mobile use by 362(52%) of subjects. 260 (37.6%) felt hearing loss. In addition 505 (73%) had insomnia during night. Lack of concentration was reported by 563 (81.4%) of subjects. In addition 205 (29.6%) suffered palpitation on increased use of mobile phone. Wrist pain was felt by 438 (63.3%). Also 536 (77.5%) felt neck pains at least occasionally. 117 (16.9%) had pain in lower limb after keeping the mobile phone at their belts. 430 (81.4%) of subjects complained of memory loss. Headache after mobile use was felt by 363 (52.5%) subjects. Comparison between age groups showed that insomnia, tinnitus, and lack of concentration increased with age. Also insomnia, lack of concentration were more common among smokers. Leg pain was more common between smokers under 18 years of age. Conclusions: Possible subjective health hazards were frequently reported among mobile users. They included insomnia, lack of concentration, memory loss, palpitations, wrist pain and leg pains.
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
1110-1865
35
v.
1
no.
2017
27
38
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_2809_5a323c290dc2502166a9b46af45bd93a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejcm.2017.2809
Knowledge and Practice of Physical Activity among National Cancer Institute workers, Cairo University
text
article
2017
eng
Background: Physical activity (PA) is hypothesized to reduce the risk of several chronic diseases and enhance longevity. Low levels of activity have been associated with some but not all types of cancers. We expected that work experience at National Cancer Institute (NCI) might have a positive effect on knowledge about and practice of physical activity among its workers. Aim: To describe physical activity practice among workers (medical & nonmedical) in National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo University and to measure knowledge about different health benefits of physical activity and its role in cancer prevention and treatment. Participants & method: This is a cross-sectional survey with anonymous self-administered questionnaire for workers (medical and non-medical). Their level and pattern of physical activity were assessed using modified International Physical Activity Questionnaire version 8, their knowledge about health benefits of PA and its relation to cancer prevention and treatment were studied. The PA level was estimated as metabolic equivalent task (MET minutes/week). Results: The medical group of workers was significantly more knowledgeable about different health benefits of regular physical activity (PA), however the whole group were lacking adequate knowledge about role of PA in cancer prevention and treatment. No significant difference was found between the medical and non medical workers as regard the activity level. The most common barrier to participate in regular PA among the whole studied group was insufficient time. Significant variables affecting total score MET minute were age groups, work type, job hours per week, education level (years), presence or absence of children, sitting minutes/day. Only 23.5% of the whole studied groups participate in recreation and sport PA. Conclusion: There was lack of adequate knowledge about relation between PA and cancer prevention and its role in cancer treatment. Recommendations: Development and implementation of a health-related physical education program about benefits of PA practice. Additionally, suitable place and equipments should be made available at the NCI to stimulate workers for PA participation.
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
1110-1865
35
v.
1
no.
2017
39
49
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_2810_4ccb7862fad3c6bbdb41e508b3c31b17.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejcm.2017.2810
Hospital Readmission ,Malnutrition and Associated Factors among Elderly Hospitalized Patients in Internal Medicine Wards, Menoufia University Hospitals
text
article
2017
eng
Objectives: to identify reasons for re-hospitalization, assess nutritional status of elderly hospitalized patients using a validated nutritional assessment tool and analyze which factors are associated with readmission within the last year after discharge from index hospitalization for elderly hospitalized patients including nutritional related factors. Methodology: A cross-sectional study design was conducted in the internal medicine wards of Menoufia university hospital. All patients over 65 years of age within the first 72 hours of admission were eligible for the study. 162 patients were recruited with (93.6%) response rate. Data being collected using a structured questionnaire includes patients' sociodemographic, admission characteristics, severity of chronic disease using Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS) for geriatric. Assessment of nutrition status was performed using Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) tool and anthropometric measurements. Results: readmission within one year was found among (46.3%) of elderly participants. Relapse of initial condition was the most common reason (42.7%) followed by complications (24%). Half of readmitted group was malnourished and nearly one third at risk of malnutrition. Logistic regression identified strong association of hospital readmission with advanced old age ,smoking habit , poor dietary compliance , assistance needed feeding pattern ,severity of chronic disease ,comorbidities and lower MNA score Conclusion : Factors associated with readmission in elderly patients are multiple and complex. Malnourished elderly patients with cardiac , respiratory disease or diabetic with complex medical and social needs who are severely ill , with advanced age, smoker , who not compel well with dietary advice ,need assistance with feeding are tend to be readmitted. Recommendations: Re-hospitalized elderly patients should be identified and targeted by follow up and post hospital care to reduce readmissions.
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
1110-1865
35
v.
1
no.
2017
51
64
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_2811_fa951bc086b2852779d7f12250cade5d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejcm.2017.2811
Perception and Utilization of Health Care Services in Family Practice Centers- Suez Canal Area-Egypt
text
article
2017
eng
Background: Users’ perception of the provided health services could influence their utilization and satisfaction. Aim: To assess the community awareness, perceptions and factors affecting service utilization of university-owned Family Practice Centers (FPCs). Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted over a period of three months (15 May 2015 to 15 July 2015) in 9 rural and urban areas served by university-owned FPCs. Data were obtained from 900 respondents using a 22 points structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Results: The majority of respondents were aware of the Family Practice Centers ( 90.3% rural and 88.0% urban) and most of them (89.1 rural and 84.5 % urban) have utilized these centers. The satisfaction of utilizers reached 88.6% and 80.3% in urban and rural areas respectively. Treatment with courtesy and competency of the medical team have constituted the main reasons of utilizers’ satisfaction whereas, inadequacy of clinical services determined the main reason of their dissatisfaction in urban areas (46.7 %) compared to long waiting time (25%) in rural areas. However, inadequacies of clinical services also emerged as the main reason behind hesitancy to access Family Practice Centers among those who never visited these centers (59.3 % and 51.2 % in rural and urban areas respectively). Conclusion: The local community awareness, utilization and satisfaction with university Family Practice Centers were very high in both rural and urban areas. Treatments with courtesy and competency of the medical team have constituted the main reasons of utilizers’ satisfaction while, inadequacy of clinical services determined the main reason for both dissatisfaction and non-utilization.
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
1110-1865
35
v.
1
no.
2017
65
80
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_2812_e4d977f13b376547183386d554d9a62e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejcm.2017.2812
Health Status, Family Support and Depression among Residents of Elderly Homes and Those Living with Families in Benha City and Associated Factors
text
article
2017
eng
Objectives : to (1) investigate the perceived health status , different health problems ,malnutrition and functional status of aged in elderly homes compared to those living with their families attending geriatric clubs (2) find out the prevalence of depression among two groups , association with family support ,elderly abuse and dependency state. Methodology: A case-control study was conducted. Cases comprised 70 elderly recruited from two homes for elderly in Benha city. Control group comprised 140 elderly participants matched for age ,gender and socioeconomic status recruited from two geriatric clubs Data being collected using a predesigned structured questionnaire including sociodemographic data, comprehensive physical and functional assessment of health status of elderly participants using different validated tools. Results: Ischemic heart diseases (50%) ,memory disorders and history of falls were highest among geriatric home residents (37.1% and 52.9% respectively ). No significant difference were found regarding different health problems ,number of morbidities or medications . Higher percent of geriatric home residents nutritionally at risk (47.1%) , malnourished (15.7%) and underweight. Family support was significantly higher for elderly living with family . Abuse was reported by 7.1% among elderly living with family and higher among geriatric home group (65.7%) mostly of financial and emotional type beside depression in (74.3%) of them . Residence in geriatric homes is associated with elderly abuse , negative family support, depression , big family size, memory disorder and nutritional risk . Conclusion and Recommendations : Elderly people of both groups are unhealthy . Aged people in geriatric homes have a multisystem morbidity beside memory disorders ,falls ,depression , malnutrition ,elderly abuse and loss of family support. There is a great need to conduct more research to improve our understanding of elderly populations, their health and psychosocial problems. Social support and medical care of elderly residents in geriatric homes should receive more attention.
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
1110-1865
35
v.
1
no.
2017
81
97
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_2813_90243f5c2b2b2b40a333ba24a4d0d066.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejcm.2017.2813
Perception and practices of masturbation by male medical students, Tanta University, Egypt
text
article
2017
eng
Background: In the Middle East, masturbation is one of the most sensitive and uncomfortable topics to discuss. It is a stigmatized sexual behavior, which is publicly referred to as the secret habit. Methods: A cross sectional study, recruited 484 male medical students using a predesigned questionnaire for data collection. Results: The first source of information about masturbation was friends (68.8%) followed by the internet (20.2%). Students perceived masturbation either as a physical problem associated with sexual desire (39.7%) or a natural phenomenon associated with adolescence (38.2%). Regarding side effects, guilt feeling came first (70.5%) followed by general body weakness (40.5%). Only 11.8% believed no harms from masturbation while 56.8% believed that premature ejaculation may be a side effect of masturbation on reproductive system. Meanwhile, 32.6% and 25.2% believed masturbation my lead to loss of sexual desire or weak erection, respectively. Nearly two thirds (64.7%) thought that masturbation may affect future sexual satisfaction in marital relationship. Participants expressed the need for more awareness about masturbation (93.2%). Practice of masturbation was reported by 75.2% of participants. The age of starting masturbation was 12-17 years (54.2%). The majority reported their desire to quit masturbation (63.2%) and 39.5% reported need for help to quit. Conclusion: Masturbation is commonly practiced among medical students. They need more awareness to correct their misconceptions and to act, as future physicians, as peer educators and role models for their patients.
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine
Egyptian Community Medicine Association
1110-1865
35
v.
1
no.
2017
99
109
https://ejcm.journals.ekb.eg/article_2814_e00842f19e004d81e7e5f83d6a450cb3.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejcm.2017.2814